The Existence of God through reasoning and evidence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 817 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Existence of God Essay Did you like this example? The world of Philosophy can often be a tricky place and without proper understand of the texts and articles you read, you can very easily find yourself being misled. There are many that I still find puzzling and have a difficult time understanding. One of the arguments, that I find the most difficult to understand, is rationalism and using it to argue the existence of God. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Existence of God through reasoning and evidence" essay for you Create order Each culture and religion have their own story as to how life began. These are often called creation narratives. In my argument, I would like to argue that there is a God and that he is our creator. Rationalism can be defined as the view that through unaided reason we can come to know that the world is like. (P. 266) (Vaughn) In other words, rationalism is our way of understanding the world around us through reasoning and knowledge. This type of argument would be considered as a deductive argument. A deductive argument can be defined as an argument intended to give logically conclusive support its conclusion. (P. 16) (Vaughn) In other words, a deductive argument is a type of argument that provides premises that are true and will ultimately lead to a true conclusion to an argument. My premises to this argument include, God does exist, we had to be created from someone instead of something, and that there have been events listed in the bible that have been archeologically proven. These are my premises to the existence of God. Many people like to try and disprove the existence of God through reasoning and evidence. These people could be defined as empiricists. Empiricism can be defined as the view that our knowledge of the empirical world comes solely from sense experience. (P. 266) (Vaughn) This type of person refuses to believe in the things that they do not have any tangible or physical proof or have experiences something through their sense experiences (feeling, touch, sight) or posterioi knowledge. A rationalist can successfully defend their argument from the attack of an empiricist or someone who is a skeptic if they are strong in their beliefs and provide sound premises like the ones listed. I believe that God exists and that he is our creator. In the video of Bernard Williams on Descartes, Williams makes a valid argument on the existence of God and I believe that it ties up with rationalist theories. In this video, makes an argument stating that there is a God by arguing that Since I have the idea of God, it can only be because there actually is a God who created me. I know that he created me, and I know that he is benevolent and because God created me, and is benevolent, he is concerned with my intellectual welfare as with my moral welfare. (Youtube) (20:44-22:06) Essentially, I think what Williams meant by that statement was the fact that the reason that we believe that there is a God is because God gave us knowledge of himself in our minds before we were even born. It is like the innate knowledge that Plato described in Chapter six. Innate knowledge can be defined as knowledge of immaterial ideals already present at birth, inscribed in our minds (our immortal souls) in a previous existence. (P. 270) (Vaughn) In other words, if God didnt give me knowledge of himself, how do I know that he is real? There has to be a God because we had to be created by someone instead of something. It is hard to believe that we are here, and life is sustainable all because of a big bang. The sun is not too close and it is not too far away. We have the perfect temperature, ample amounts of sunlight, and oxygen to breathe. Everything we need to survive is perfectly in its place. This is an example of efficient causes. (P. 64) (Vaughn) People are often skeptical of the events in the bible. However, archeologists have been able to unearth various items to prove that some of the events listed in the bible had occurred. For instance, there are many signs that there was once a great flood across the surface of the earth. There have been whale bones along with various other fossils of marine life found at the top of the Andes mountains in Chile. The Andes mountains are nearly 23,000 ft tall. The fossils were found more than 130 feet above sea level and they were perfectly preserved. (Mohan) The findings of these fossils are a great indicator that, at one point in time, the earth was covered with water. Mohan, Geoffrey. Scientists Solve Mystery of Mass Whale Graveyard in Chile. Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times, 26 Feb. 2014, articles.latimes.com/2014/feb/26/science/la-sci-sn-mass-whale-grave-yard-20140226. (Youtube) Bernard Williams on Descartes (1987). YouTube, YouTube, 7 Nov. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dIf7MapuqEfeature=youtu.be. Vaughn, Lewis. Philosophy Here and Now: Powerful Ideas in Everyday Life. Oxford University Press, 2016.

Essay on The Swedish Model of Labor Market - 532 Words

The Swedish model of labor market is distinctive. There are several elements that build up a successful Swedish model. De-commodification of labor has been put into practice in order to balance power between capital and labor. There is a large degree of organization, The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO) and The Swedish Employers’ Confederation (SAF) which made possible for self-regulation. Working class is very strong which results in low level of labor market conflict. Centralized bargaining is also a key aspect that wage or work condition is an outcome of negotiation between two peak organizations. Moreover, Rhen- Meidner model was implemented in 1950s. The model intends to reach full employment in line with economic stability.†¦show more content†¦The government was able to runs budget balance and unemployment rate was decreased dramatically. A significant change in this period was an implication of workfare policy. The policy affects supply side of labor in which it put more pressure for an individual worker to seek for a job. The process of acquiring social insurance benefit becomes more difficult. Workfare policy forces workers to work until they have no working capability at all. Unemployment insurance has been changed into a negative trend in a view of workers. In 2007 it became even stricter when the right-wings party was in power. Rules of qualification in order to obtain benefit are costly. It requires membership fee which has been increasing significantly. Thus, the fee system excludes workers who could not afford or think that it is not worth paying for. Minimum working period is included in the rule making more burdens to benefit claimer. Compensation level has been reduced from 90 percent of initial income to 80 percent. The rule turned to be even more complicated in 2007 that the compensation is 80 percent of initial income for the first 200 days and reduce to 70 percent for the rest day until 300 days. This significant cha nge has a great impact on individual’s incentive. Most of people have left insurance and turn to private insurance like Trade Union. Moreover, people must concern more whether it is risky or not to change a certain job. This is because the governmentShow MoreRelatedDeveloped Countries and Economically Developed Countries Essay examples927 Words   |  4 Pagesapproaches to achieve the same objective. Hogan (1998) said that exist a negative relationship between this two variable in a short run. The low of unemployment rate in United State has increased the inflation rate. Using the estimation of Phillips Curves model that has apply in the research, his conclude that the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) may be decreased a little bit. 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Statement Project Success Is A Matter Of Opinion †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Statement - Project Success Is A Matter Of Opinion. Answer: Introduction Project managementcan be defined as the proper practice for the initiation, planning, execution, control as well as closing of the work of the project for achieving all the goals and objectives of the project and thus gaining success for the project (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). There are specific criteria of success in the project and within a specific time constraint. A project is the temporary endeavour that is eventually designed for producing unique products or services. The goals as well as the objectives of this project completely depend on the various project constraints either primary or secondary (Burke, 2013). These specific goals of the project are responsible for bringing out all the beneficial changes or alterations in the project. The business operations of any particular business are permanent, repetitive or even semi permanent activities of functions for producing the results. The following report outlines a brief discussion on the popular statement that Project success is a matter of opinion. This report eventually provides a critical examination of this statement after taking into consideration of the project stakeholders perspectives and the various influence of the constraint of project. Project Management The discipline of utilizing various established principles, policies and procedures for successfully managing and controlling any specific project right from the conception stage to the completion stage is known as project management. It substantially oversees all the planning, organization and implementation of any project (Larson Gray, 2013). The project is the undertaking that comprises of a distinct starting and an ending parameter, which is solely designed for producing a definite outcome like a brand new computer system. This project is completely different from the all other ongoing processes like the programs of asset management and governance. The plan of theproject management is supposed to efficiently and promptly guide every aspect of the project from the starting point to the finishing point with project goals to deliver the product on time and within budget (Schwalbe, 2015). The plan of any project usually starts with a project charter. This plan is thus expected in the successful identification of all the potential challenges and also handling of every constraint for keeping the project on time and budget. The project manager is responsible for making the project successful and there are few steps in a project (Fleming Koppelman, 2016). The steps mainly include definition of project goals, outlining steps for achieving the project goals, identification of the resources that are needed for the accomplishment of the steps, determination of the time and budget needed for the steps, overseeing real implementation as well as execution of the project and finally delivering the project result. The project managers are responsible for implementing controls for assessing the progress and performance against the decided objectives, budget and schedule that are parts of the project plan (Walker, 2015). All these together are termed as project scope. The primary challenge of theproject management is the achievement of each and every goal of the project within provided time and budget. Project Success The success of any project refers to all the factors that have made the project successful or is helping the project to become successful. The project success criterion depends on the facts that whether the project would become successful or not (Harrison Lock, 2017). It is completely dependent on various important factors like stakeholders perspectives or the influence of all the project constraints. This success of the project is completely a matter of opinion as several authors have demonstrated several factors or theories on this. The complete success of project does not depend on any one factor and rather a series of factors are responsible for the successful completion of the project (Heagney, 2016). The critical success factors or the CSFs of any project can be mainly depicted as the success of the market, morale of the organization, technological reputation with all the clients, perspectives of the stakeholders, influence of the project constraints, risk recognition or identification in important segments, proper risk management, image in the financial markets, margins of the profit, performance to the budget of the project and many more. The success of the project also depends on the technical performance, personal growth, managerial implications, organizational implications, and efficiency in execution, manufacturability performances and even the business performances (Snyder, 2014). The success of the project can also be assessed by various groups of interest like managers, clients, stakeholders, stockh olders, employees, staff members and many more. The project management success also focuses on the process of project and the proper accomplishment of time, cost or any other quality objectives. It even takes into consideration the manner through which the process of project management is conducted. Solving the problems or the risks associated with the project is also responsible for the successful project result (Mir Pinnington, 2014). These are the key factors of success only to focus on making the significant difference in the project management effectiveness. The project plans should be upgraded regularly so that the project is completely properly. Perspectives of Stakeholders The stakeholders are the most important factors in any specific project. These stakeholders are referred to any person or individual associated with the project (Turner, 2016). They can either be an accountant, a group, an organization, members, or even the system that is affected by the execution of the project or rather the project becomes successful with the help of the stakeholders. The project stakeholders are the group of members or individuals who directly affects or manages the project. The project goals or objectives are set by these stakeholders or the goals and objectives of the project are set for the benefit of the stakeholders (Hwang Ng, 2013). Even the policies and procedures of the project are affected and set by the stakeholders of that particular project. There are some of the major and significant examples of stakeholders in any typical project. They are the creditors, directors, governments, agencies, owners or the shareholders, unions, suppliers and also the emp loyees of the project. Even the communities from where the project is getting all of its resources fall under the category of project stakeholders. The client of any project is entitled to trading practices that are absolutely fair. Each and every decision of the project is taken by the stakeholders of the project and without their permission; no change or alteration is done within the project (Kerzner, 2018). The example of the negative impact on the stakeholders is the moment when the project owner cuts off the costs and expenses of the project and thus plans a typical round of layoff. This negativity or the negative impact on the stakeholders strongly affects the workers community, who are working in the project and hence the budget of the project is affected. The complete success of the project depends of the perspectives of the stakeholders or how the stakeholders are behaving during the project duration. The stakeholders of the project can either be inside or can be outside of the organization (Binder, 2016). They have the following tasks: i) Sponsoring of the project: The entire project is sponsored by them and the even the budget is decided by them. ii) Interest in the Project: They have an interest in the project and want the project to be successful. iii) Positive as well as Negative Influence: The stakeholders might have a positive or a negative influence on the project (Pemsel Wiewiora, 2013). The examples of the project stakeholders are given below: i) Project Leader ii) Senior Management iii) Project Team Members iv) Project Clients v) Resource Managers vi) Line Managers vii) Project Testers viii) Project Subcontractors ix) Project Consultants x) Project Groups The above mentioned project stakeholders perspectives are thus extremely vital and important for the successful completion of the project (Martinelli Milosevic, 2016). These stakeholders play the most vital role in the success of the project and project management. Influence of Project Constraints Project constraints can be defined as the problems or barriers that stop any particular project to reach to its success points. These barriers or constraints often become major problems in the success route of the project and thus the project might face significant losses (Kerzner, 2018). There are various types of constraints in any specific project. Following are the six important constraints of a particular project. i) Project Risk: This is the first and the foremost project constraint in any typical project. There is always a high chance of risk in any project and this can bring out the most dangerous situations within the project. There is a lot of uncertainty that when and where the project can fail and how that failure could be overcome (Binder, 2016). If this project risk is not properly managed with the help of the risk management techniques, the project risk can bring out major problems within the project and the project can turn out to be a failure. ii) Project Scope: This is the second important project constraint in any project. The scope refers to the future outcome or future result of the project. The expected outcome of the project is again one of the most significant constraints in any project. If the project scope is not clear in the beginning, it is evident that the project could become a major failure in future (Turner, 2016). All the members of the projects should have a clear view of the project scope during the entire period of project. iii) Project Quality: The third important constraint in any project is the quality of the project. If the quality of the project is hampered in any aspect, the entire project would be at stake (Snyder, 2014). The client will not like the project and thus the project would be a failure. iv) Project Cost: Another significant constraint in the project success is the cost or expenses of the project. Before any project is started, a fixed plan or budget is set for it. If the project does not follow the previously planned budget, there is a high chance that the project would incur huge costs and the client would be facing losses and lack of resources (Walker, 2015). Thus, project cost should be maintained throughout the project so that the project does not incur any extra expense. v) Project Resources: The fifth important constraint of a successful project is the project resource. Various resources are required in a project and if any of them are not present in the project, it would turn out to be a major failure (Schwalbe, 2015). Therefore, the project should be executed according to the list of project resources. vi) Project Time: The final constraint in the path of a successful project is the scheduled time. An estimated time is mentioned to the client before the project is started. When this time exceeds, extra cost is incurred (Burke, 2013). Project time has significant influence on the success of the project. Thus, the above mentioned six constraints clearly depict that they have important influence on the success of any project. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, project management is the proper and significant practice or procedure for the successful beginning, planning, completion, management and even closing the team work of any project to achieve each and every objective and goal of that particular project and hence obtaining success in the project. Several important success criteria within the project are present and the project is to be completed within a given constraint of time. Any project is a temporary attempt, which is eventually calculated for the production of various unique services and products. The distinct objectives as well as goals of the project significantly are dependent on several constraint of a project irrespective of the fact that they primary or secondary. These significant objectives of a project are absolutely responsible to bring out each and every advantageous alterations or changes within the project. The longevity of the various operations of busi ness of any specific business is long and they are repetitive, permanent, or semi permanent actions of functionalities to produce significant results. The above report has outlined a detailed discussion on the very famous statement of Project success is a matter of opinion. This report has eventually provided the critical examination of the above mentioned statement when the project stakeholders perspectives are considered. Moreover, the several project constraints are also taken into consideration while describing this particular statement. References Binder, J. (2016).Global project management: communication, collaboration and management across borders. Routledge. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Fleming, Q. W., Koppelman, J. M. (2016, December). Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Harrison, F., Lock, D. (2017).Advanced project management: a structured approach. Routledge. Heagney, J. (2016).Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Hwang, B. G., Ng, W. J. (2013). Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), 272-284. Kerzner, H. (2018).Project management best practices: Achieving global excellence. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013).Project management: The managerial process with MS project. McGraw-Hill. Martinelli, R. J., Milosevic, D. Z. (2016).Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Mir, F. A., Pinnington, A. H. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), 202-217. Pemsel, S., Wiewiora, A. (2013). Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), 31-42. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Snyder, C. S. (2014). A guide to the project management body of knowledge: PMBOK () guide.Project Management Institute: Newtown Square, PA, USA. Turner, R. (2016).Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

The Missouri Compromise Essay Example For Students

The Missouri Compromise Essay The Missouri CompromiseA compromise is when two or more parties in disagreement reach an agreement that does not give all sides exactly what they want, but enough of what they want so that they can be happy. Compromise is the best possible solution to a conflict however it does not always work. One needs only to look at situations such as the Bosnia-Herzegovina to see that. During the events prior to the American Civil War, many different compromises were made in an attempt to impede the growing disagreements. However this merely prolonged the inevitable. The differences between North and South were far to great and compromise did not stand a chance at preventing the impending conflict. This was most clearly shown in the ways in which the three main compromises, the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, failed. We will write a custom essay on The Missouri Compromise specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In 1820 Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state. As this would ruin the balance between Slave states and Free states in the Senate, Henry Clay proposed the Missouri compromise. This arranged it that while Missouri was admitted as a Slave state, Maine was also admitted as a free state. It also created an imaginary line along the 36o latitude, where slavery was allowed below it but prevented above it. However they limited themselves by only applying the Compromise to lands gained in the Louisiana purchase. This led to conflict after the Mexican war in which America gained new territories in the West. This doomed the Missouri Compromise, which was probably the most promising of the three. Had the Compromise been applied to all American lands then perhaps it could have succeeded. Instead the Missouri Compromise failed and only led to further conflict between north and south in the future. In 1849 once again the Union was facing the same crises it had faced in 1820. California now wanted to be admitted as a free state. Once again Henry Clay came up with a compromise to resolve this conflict. California would indeed be admitted as free while the rest of the Southwest territories would decide the slavery issue by popular sovereignty. It would also abolish slavery altogether in Washington DC and initiate a stronger fugitive slave law to appease the South. This last concession angered people in the North however. Free blacks were concerned as now a Southerner could accuse any black person as being a runaway slave. The special commission set up to handle such issues also had a higher incentive to rule in favour of the South as it meant more money. This angered the free blacks and abolitionists in the North. This Compromise once again only prolonged the inevitable and intensified the conflict between North and South. The third compromise which failed came in the form of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The act came about when Senator Stephen Douglas wanted to build a transcontinental railway which had to pass through the Nebraska territory. He proposed that Nebraska become a free state but the idea was quickly defeated by the South. Douglas then suggested that the territory become two states, Nebraska entering as a free state and Kansas deciding by popular sovereignty. This nullified the Missouri Compromise entirely however the South agreed. However people in the North against the expansion of slavery paid for people to move to Kansas and vote against slavery. This angered the South and resulted in Southerners crossing the border on voting day to vote in favour of slavery. This just resulted in distrust between Northerners and Southerners and led to Northerners establishing their own illegal government. Violence erupted and a civil war broke out in bleeding Kansas much earlier than the rest of the countr y. It was clear at this point that the two sides were far beyond Compromise as shown by their actions. This compromise did not even prolong the coming war as much as it pushed the country towards it. .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab , .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab .postImageUrl , .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab , .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab:hover , .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab:visited , .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab:active { border:0!important; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab:active , .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5cdfe1416d37a681fc0aa7838deb5dab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sexual harassment EssayIt is obvious that these compromises could do nothing to prevent the oncoming violence. Indeed it could be argued that the constant attempts at compromise is what brought about the Civil War. This shows that although compromise is the preferable option it was not a viable option to prevent the American Civil War. The difference between North and South were far to numerous and significant to be satisfied by compromise. Sadly in human history it is often results so that it is only possible to resolve conflicts with violence.

Free Essays on Bank Merger

Abstract This paper discusses the bank merger between Memphis based National Bank of Commerce (National Commerce Financial-Holding Company) and Sun Trust Bank (Sun Trust, Inc. –Holding Company). This paper does not seek to present evidence in support or against the merger. It merely supplies a review of each institution and an educated prediction of resulting entity. This paper relies on information mostly gained from marketing and/or literature from each perspective bank’s web site, brochures or other sales mediums rather than data validated by an independent third party. Overall, we stress that while economy of scale provides the financial stability necessary for the entities to compete in today’s financial markets in the US and globally, there remains a need for Memphis-based â€Å"community champions† which are directly focused on serving the needs of local consumers. Introduction Some analysis today suggests that one the causes of the Great Depression in the U.S. was bank over competition. This was solved in part through the passing of the Glass-Steagall Act, which forced financial firms to choose between wholesale and retail banking also called Money Centers, and the 1928 McFadden Act which prohibited interstate banking. Though this restrictive environment was meant to diminish competition, it resulted in the growing interest of bank mergers amongst large banks. This occurred when the Money-center banks began shifting focus from consumers to large deposits. This trend grew so prevalent that money-center banks started fighting with the Federal Reserve in the 1960s over their ability to access purchased funds through the newly created deposit instruments such as negotiable CDs. The fight ended with the large banks gaining unimpeded access to large deposits, both in the US and Europe. The competition resulted in a buyers market where high interest rates were aggressively offered. High interest rates... Free Essays on Bank Merger Free Essays on Bank Merger Abstract This paper discusses the bank merger between Memphis based National Bank of Commerce (National Commerce Financial-Holding Company) and Sun Trust Bank (Sun Trust, Inc. –Holding Company). This paper does not seek to present evidence in support or against the merger. It merely supplies a review of each institution and an educated prediction of resulting entity. This paper relies on information mostly gained from marketing and/or literature from each perspective bank’s web site, brochures or other sales mediums rather than data validated by an independent third party. Overall, we stress that while economy of scale provides the financial stability necessary for the entities to compete in today’s financial markets in the US and globally, there remains a need for Memphis-based â€Å"community champions† which are directly focused on serving the needs of local consumers. Introduction Some analysis today suggests that one the causes of the Great Depression in the U.S. was bank over competition. This was solved in part through the passing of the Glass-Steagall Act, which forced financial firms to choose between wholesale and retail banking also called Money Centers, and the 1928 McFadden Act which prohibited interstate banking. Though this restrictive environment was meant to diminish competition, it resulted in the growing interest of bank mergers amongst large banks. This occurred when the Money-center banks began shifting focus from consumers to large deposits. This trend grew so prevalent that money-center banks started fighting with the Federal Reserve in the 1960s over their ability to access purchased funds through the newly created deposit instruments such as negotiable CDs. The fight ended with the large banks gaining unimpeded access to large deposits, both in the US and Europe. The competition resulted in a buyers market where high interest rates were aggressively offered. High interest rates...

The Sinai Peninsula From Ancient Times to Today

The Sinai Peninsula From Ancient Times to Today Egypts Sinai Peninsula, also known as the Land of Fayrouz meaning turquoise, is a triangular formation at the northeastern end of Egypt and the southwestern end of Israel, it looks like a corkscrew-like cap at the top of the Red Sea and forms a land bridge between the Asian and African land masses. History The Sinai Peninsula has been inhabited since pre-historic  times and has always been a trade route. The peninsula has been a part of Egypt since the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt, circa 3,100 B.C., although there have been periods of foreign occupation over the past 5,000 years. Sinai was called Mafkat or country of turquoise by the ancient Egyptians, which was mined in the peninsula. In ancient times, like its surrounding regions, it has been the treadmill of evaders and conquerors, including, according to biblical legend, the Jews of Moses Exodus escaping Egypt and the ancient Roman, Byzantine and Assyrian Empires. Geography The Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez border the Sinai Peninsula to the west. Israels Negev Desert borders it to the northeast  and the Gulf of Aqaba laps at its shores to the southeast. The hot, arid, desert-dominated peninsula covers 23,500 square miles. Sinai is also one of the coldest provinces in Egypt because of its high altitudes and mountainous topographies. Winter temperatures in some of Sinais cities and towns can dip to 3 degrees Fahrenheit. Population and Tourism In 1960, the Egyptian census of Sinai listed a population of about 50,000. Currently, thanks in large part to the tourism industry, the populations is currently estimated at 1.4 million. The peninsulas bedouin population, once the majority, became the minority. Sinai has become a tourist destination due to its natural setting, rich coral reefs offshore and biblical history. Mount Sinai is one of the most religiously significant places in the Abrahamic faiths. Rich in pastel cliffs and canyons, arid valleys and startling green oases, the desert meets the sparkling sea in a long string of secluded beaches and vivid coral reefs that attract a wealth of underwater life, wrote David Shipler in 1981, The New York Times bureau chief in Jerusalem. Other popular tourist destinations are St Catherines Monastery, which is considered to be the oldest working Christian monastery in the world, and the beach resorts towns of Sharm el-Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba. Most tourists arrive at Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport, through Eilat, Israel, and the Taba Border Crossing, by road from Cairo or by ferry from Aqaba in Jordan. Recent Foreign Occupations In periods of foreign occupation, the Sinai was, like the rest of Egypt, also occupied and controlled by foreign empires, in more recent history the Ottoman Empire from 1517 to 1867   and the United Kingdom from 1882 to 1956. Israel invaded and occupied Sinai during the Suez Crisis of 1956 and during the Six-Day War of 1967. In 1973, Egypt launched the Yom Kippur War to retake the peninsula, which was the site of fierce fighting between Egyptian and Israeli forces. By 1982, as a result of the Israel–Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979, Israel had withdrawn from all of the Sinai Peninsula except the contentious territory of Taba, which Israel later returned to Egypt in 1989.

Analysis of U.S. Service Sector Grows Slow Essay

Analysis of U.S. Service Sector Grows Slow - Essay Example Many companies in the service sector are highly dependent on their marketing efforts to achieve further growth. Many experts are worried about the deceleration in growth in the service sector. Carl Leahey, a senior Economist at Senior Economist stated, â€Å"This survey shows a slow-moving service sector. That is pretty much in line with the market sense that though the economy has improved, it is still not growing very quickly† (Bond, 2011). Despite the worries of many scholars about the service sector there are other signs that showed major improvement in the U.S. economy such as the latest unemployment figures which showed a national unemployment rate of 8.6%. The labor market is finally growing. These are great news for all Americans as employers should be aggressively recruiting new personnel. The total exports in the U.S are also on the rise. Exporting is one of the primary expansion strategies used by marketers. The inventories of many companies are moving from contract ion to expansion. The movement of merchandise from the United States to other countries is a great sign. Most companies in today’s marketplace cannot survive by using solely a domestic strategy. International expansion is one of the most effective ways marketers are able to achieve growth. Despite slight decline in the service sector other important sectors such as the manufacturing industry showed positive signs. The ISM manufacturing report showed factory activity rising more strongly than expected in November. Some critical industries such as the auto industry showed tremendous results with a rise of 2.3% in comparison with the previous month. The Big 3 auto companies have been able to attract many customers due to their new innovative designs and fuel efficient vehicles. People are looking for value in their car purchases more than ever before. Despite the growth in manufacturing activity the commerce department claimed that the sales of overall manufacturing goods fell b y 0.4% in November. One of the sectors that showed continued growth during the past three months is the sale of durable goods. This article showed a lot of information regarding the economy of the United States and it emphasize in the importance of the service sector. Due to the importance of service jobs the United States as a whole has to do a better job of marketing its service industry. The U.S. has the potential to achieve a lot of growth by exporting services to other nations. There are many ways to increase the amount of service exports. One of the best ways is to take advantage of tools that have become available due to the rise of the broadband age. In 2010 U.S. ecommerce sales generated $152.1 billion and it is expected to rise to $223.9 billion by the year 2014 (Plunkett Research, 2011). Many services such as business consulting, technical support and engineering services could be exported easily with the help of the internet. The U.S Chamber of Commerce has to become mor e proactive in their initiatives in order to market better the services that the United States can offer to the rest of the world. In 2010 the United States was the world’s top exporter of services with $515 billion (Latimes, 2011). Despite this fact the U.S. still has a lot of room to grow considering the fact that 80% of the U.S economy is based on the service industry. It is also interesting to know that he

Application of International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Application of International Law - Essay Example tive partnership that has yielded profits for both partners and they may likely want to continue fostering and developing their business oriented venture. Therefore, the laws governing arbitration are very important. According to Jenkins et al., in the U.S for instance, arbitration laws are governed by a number of sources ranging from the constitution, appellate courts’ decisions, international treaties and others. However, the most relevant law governing arbitration in the U.S is the Federal Arbitration Act, which stresses the importance of arbitration agreements by placing them on equal footing with other contractual agreements. The FAA reviews almost all arbitration agreements in the U.S using one judicial review standard for both local and international jurisdictions (Jenkins, 2006). The Act ‘s core purpose is to mandate courts to foresee the enforcement of contractual agreements relating to disputes in an arbitration, regardless of whether there are legislative efforts by the state department to curtail the enforcement of the agreements made in the arbitration. This further supplements the supremacy of arbitration agreements on par with other contractual agreements. In addition, arbitration is also governed by the Panama Convention (1990), the North American Free Trade Agreement, the New York Convention (1958) and the Uniform Arbitration Act. According to Jenkins et al., arbitration in Russia is governed by the German-Roman civil laws, which place more focus on legal codes rather than on court precedents and regulations. When settling disputes in arbitration, the arbitrator relies on general codes of provision to settle disputes and conflicts. Specifically, in matters relating to commercial arbitration on an international level, Russia is governed by the Federal Law of 1993, which enforces arbitration agreements between partnerships where one party is a Russian company with foreign participation (foreign direct investments). However, disputes like

Similarties and Differences Essay Example for Free

Similarties and Differences Essay Every day in real life we go through a many struggles ranging from man vs. man, man vs. himself and even man vs. nature. The most common struggle we all face is that of man versus man. In the short stories â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carter and Ernest Hemmingway’s â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† the main principal of the story is that of man versus man. In both short stories 3 characters are used, but in each story each character is completely different than the other. â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† share similarities and differences with the main principal of man versus man and the reasoning behind why one man is against the other. Both stories also share similarities and differences in their setting and the most significant differences both stories have is the resolution. In â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† 3 main characters are used. In each story, one character is the antagonist (the man going against the other) and the protagonist. In â€Å"Cathedral† the main characters are the wife, the husband, and Robert. The husband is the antagonist while Robert is the protagonist. In â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† the three main characters are a customer who is an old man, a young waiter and older waiter. The younger waiter is the antagonist in while the old man is the protagonist. Both stories share the similarities between their characters that the protagonist and antagonist are both men. Robert in â€Å"Catherdral† is a friend of the antagonist’s wife and that Robert is blind. The old man in â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† is the protagonist, who the other characters and reader know nothing about other than the fact that he is old. In both stories, the wife and the older waiter both try the protagonist. The first line in â€Å"Cathedral† is â€Å"This blind man, an old friend of my wifes, he was on his way to spend the night†. The wife knows the blind man and is friends with him. In â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† the younger waiter is angry because he doesn’t understand why the old man won’t go home to which the older waiter replies â€Å"‘He stays up because he likes it. ’ While the characters are similar and different in each story the main conflict of Man versus Man is another point that each story shares similarities and differences. In both â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† and â€Å"Cathedral† the central issue and reasoning behind the conflict of man versus man is addressed. In each story one main character is against another, both have similar and different reasons of why. In both stories the major conflict of man versus man happens because the antagonist does not fully understand the protagonist. In â€Å"Cathedral† the husband is against Robert because he does not know how to act around Robert because Robert is blind. The husband has never had to encounter a blind person before and doesn’t wish to. A excerpt from â€Å"Cathedral† shows exactly how the husband feels of Robert’s visit: â€Å"I wasnt enthusiastic about his visit. He was no one I knew. And his being blind bothered me†. There shows the main reasoning of why the husband is against Robert. In â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† the younger waiter is against the old man because he is tired and wants to go home. The younger waiter doesn’t understand why the old man is still at his cafe so late. The younger waiter also doesn’t like the old man because of his age; he tells the older waiter â€Å"’I wouldnt want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing. ’ Also throughout the story the younger waiter is talking of how the old man tried to commit suicide and how he doesn’t understand why. The younger waiter is making assumptions about the old man throughout the story and finally kicks him out of the cafe. The reasoning that the younger waiter is against the old man is that he doesn’t understand the actions of the old man and doesn’t want to. Both stories share that in common, that the antagonist does not understand and does not want to get to know the protagonist. Both stories share similarities between man versus man and the reasoning behind this conflict. â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† also share similarities and differences between their settings. Both â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† and â€Å"Cathedral† take place at night time. The first line in â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† is: â€Å"It was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light†. In â€Å"Cathedral† the story starts around dinner time and goes into the night. Although both stories take place at night time- both stories have tremendously different places. In â€Å"Cathedral† the story takes place in the wife husband’s house. In â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† the story takes place at a small cafe. Neither one of the stories gives a town’s name for the reader to associate the story with. Also, neither story gives too many details about the place of the story. The only indication of how the cafe was in â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† was when the older waiter said â€Å"†¦ This is a clean and pleasant cafe. It is well lighted†. Both stories share the similarity in setting because of the stories taking place at night time. Both stories are different in the setting because of the fact that one takes place in a house, and the other takes place in a cafe. Although both short stories share their similarities with the characters, the main conflict and the setting- both stories have a very different resolution. In â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† the younger waiter, the antagonist, eventually kicks out the old man, the protagonist. The older waiter then tries to talk to the younger waiter about how the cafe can be a place of peace for certain people, regardless of the time. The younger waiter doesn’t want to have that conversation; he just wants to go home. The younger waiter is selfish and if it doesn’t benefit him, he doesn’t want anything to do with it. In â€Å"Cathedral† the husband, the antagonist, eventually gets to know Robert, the protagonist. Towards the end of the story Robert and the husband share some stories, share some laughs. As the husband and Robert are watching television, Robert asks the husband to try to explain what a Cathedral looks like. When the husband can’t explain to Robert what a cathedral looks like, Robert has the husband draw a cathedral while Robert’s hand is on the pen being used also. Then Robert tells the husband to close his eyes and keep drawing, and the husband does. The last line in â€Å"Cathedral† was the husband saying ’Its really something,’. This last line shows that the husband finally understands that although Robert is blind, that Robert can still experience things just as well as him. The resolution in â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† was the fact that the younger waiter got to go home, but the younger waiter didn’t take anything away from his experience meaning the conflict he has with the old man is still on going. In â€Å"Cathedral† the husband eventually stops the conflict of man versus man when he finally realizes that Robert is just like him. The short stories â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carter and â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† by Ernest Hemmingway both share similarities and differences. When the similarities are pointed out the two stories seem to run parallel with each other: man versus man, 3 characters and the setting. But, when the differences in the details of man versus man, the three characters and the setting are pointed out it is easy to see these stories have completely different plots and twists. The major difference between both stories is the resolution. Both stories show similarities and differences within each.

Slavery During the Enlightenment and the Frech Revolution :: History Historical Slaves Enlightenment Essays

There were many views of the issue of slavery during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, and the resolution of slavery affected economics, politics, and social order. The slave trade triangle between Europe, west Africa, and the Indies has a great affect on European economics during this time. The only way for this elaborate trade triangle to work is if there were black Africans available for export to the Indies as slaves. If they were not available, then the landowners in the new world weren't able to produce the sugar, coffee, and tobacco for export to Europe, and the circuit broken. These African slaves were convenient, according to Guillaume Raynal (document 6), because they were thought to be more comfortable working in the hot conditions of the Indies, because they had originally come from a very hot climate in Africa. In order to make the best use of the land, more efficient workers would be needed, and hence the slaves. The issue of slavery has extensive impacts on French politics during the Enlightenment and the revolution. Many colonists and landowners were confused over the appliance of The Declaration of Rights of Man to slaves and blacks (document 13). If it did apply to them then slavery would be abolished, which (according to document 10) would cause the colonies to loose commerce, essentially destroying them because French colonists had only profits from their trade to live on. Those who were against slavery (documents 9, 15) used The Declaration of Rights of Man as their main source, in that it declared equal rights to all men, not just to white men. Slavery affected European society also in many ways. Generally, in terms of European society, most people were against slavery, on the grounds that African slaves were people too, and they deserved the same basic rights declared in The Declaration of the Rights of Man. Most suggested the question of why blacks only were enslaved, sighting that skin color made no difference in the person (document 7). Others, like Voltaire, said that the luxuries that Europe now enjoyed, like sugar, cocoa, coffee, and tobacco, were not really sufficient to gratify the enslavement Slavery During the Enlightenment and the Frech Revolution :: History Historical Slaves Enlightenment Essays There were many views of the issue of slavery during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, and the resolution of slavery affected economics, politics, and social order. The slave trade triangle between Europe, west Africa, and the Indies has a great affect on European economics during this time. The only way for this elaborate trade triangle to work is if there were black Africans available for export to the Indies as slaves. If they were not available, then the landowners in the new world weren't able to produce the sugar, coffee, and tobacco for export to Europe, and the circuit broken. These African slaves were convenient, according to Guillaume Raynal (document 6), because they were thought to be more comfortable working in the hot conditions of the Indies, because they had originally come from a very hot climate in Africa. In order to make the best use of the land, more efficient workers would be needed, and hence the slaves. The issue of slavery has extensive impacts on French politics during the Enlightenment and the revolution. Many colonists and landowners were confused over the appliance of The Declaration of Rights of Man to slaves and blacks (document 13). If it did apply to them then slavery would be abolished, which (according to document 10) would cause the colonies to loose commerce, essentially destroying them because French colonists had only profits from their trade to live on. Those who were against slavery (documents 9, 15) used The Declaration of Rights of Man as their main source, in that it declared equal rights to all men, not just to white men. Slavery affected European society also in many ways. Generally, in terms of European society, most people were against slavery, on the grounds that African slaves were people too, and they deserved the same basic rights declared in The Declaration of the Rights of Man. Most suggested the question of why blacks only were enslaved, sighting that skin color made no difference in the person (document 7). Others, like Voltaire, said that the luxuries that Europe now enjoyed, like sugar, cocoa, coffee, and tobacco, were not really sufficient to gratify the enslavement

Child Exploitation Essay

Did you ever think that when you got your first tattoo that you had just turned your body into a human canvas? Sometimes they can be private but other times they are on display for all to see. Most people see tattoo’s as a beautiful way of expressing themselves or as a tribute to a person or an event. Anyone considering getting one should put a lot of thought into the type and placement of a tattoo for many reasons. Safety is another important factor to think about. Tattoo’s can be a beautiful piece of artwork, but you need to be careful about where you get them. Tattooing has been around for centuries, but has just become very popular in the last several years. At one time tattoos were only associated with a bikers or gang members. These days about one-quarter of people under the age of 30 get at least one tattoo in their lifetime (Healey 1). People decide to get tattoos for varied reasons. Many do it as a memory of a loved one who is passed on or like my daughter who has â€Å"Walk With God† tattooed on the top of her right foot. As she puts it â€Å"It is just a daily reminder to keep me focused on what is right† (Henry). Others do it to express themselves or as a right of passage, like turning eighteen years old. As in my daughters case she waited until she was eighteen and up at college with her friends. To say the least I wasn’t very happy with her decision, I thought of it as a form of rebellion. However, it was her first real adult decision all on her own. After all who hasn’t done something like this when we were young? Any one who is considering getting a tattoo should do their research, especially when thinking about the place that they want to go to have it done. Check out the tattoo shop you plan to go to before hand. It should be clean and not some dirty back room behind a bar. Make sure the tattoo artist wears gloves, uses new disposable razors and packaged single use sterile tattoo needles (Tielsel-Goddard 2). Also, be sure to ask that the ink being used is from a new package and not left over from another procedure. This will help in preventing infection at the site. You can never be to careful when getting a tattoo. According to Dr. Bernadine Healy â€Å"The Food and Drug Administration which regulates food, cosmetics, and drugs with a vengeance, has chosen not to regulate the tattoo industry†. â€Å"Ingredients of tattoo ink are a mystery and are not approved by the FDA. Some chemists have turned up some unhealthy surprises like mercury, lead, and antifreeze† (Healy 1). Professionalism of the tattoo shop you go to is important. Lastly make sure that they send you away with the proper written after care instruction when they are done. Another thing to consider when getting a tattoo is where you’re going to have it put on your body and what it will say if it is in words. Most tattoos are small, cute and meaningful to the person having it done and could be placed anywhere. Others might be vulgar or offensive if placed in a very noticeable location. Even though it is your right to put it anywhere you want to, you should think about what it may look like to others and also what it says about you. Another reason to think about placement is, could it be a problem to cover up when you get a job? Many employers have strict rules about making sure that any tattoo is covered during your working hours. At my new job we are require to wear short sleeve pull over shirts, and any visible tattoos must be covered. One other thing you will want to think about is your future. Is this tattoo something that you will still want twenty years from now? Removal of tattoos is a big deal. It is very painful and expensive. As Dr. Bernadine Healy puts it â€Å"Lasering tattoos opens a toxic chemical dump in your body and health insurance won’t pay for removal† (Healy 1). Remember, it may cost only a few hundred dollars to get a tattoo, but it will cost thousands to have it removed. Getting a tattoo can be a beautiful and wonderful experience. Make sure you are ready for what you are getting into. A reputable tattoo business is a must, be sure to do your research on this place of business. Give careful consideration of what kind of tattoo you are getting, the placement of it and be  sure that it is something that you can live with for the rest of your life. Having a tattoo is a beautiful expression and a wonderful piece of artwork, just make certain you know what you want and where you want it.

Alpine Ecosystem

Australian History Glossary: Australia in the Vietnam War Era Subject Specific Terminology Place the following terms next to their correct definition in the table below: Democracy, Robert Menzies, Domino Theory, Arms Race, ANZUS Pact, Capitalism, Ho Chi Minh, Moratorium, Communism, Soviet Union, Viet Cong, SEATO, Indochina, Propaganda, Vietnamisation, Edward ‘Gough’ Whitlam, Political Asylum, Defoliant, Viet Minh, ‘Reds under the bed’, Lyndon B. Johnson, Guerrilla Warfare, Cold War, Conscientious Objector, Veteran Pacifists, Conscription, the Petrov Affair,Term Definition | Australia’s longest serving Prime Minister. He was in office for 17 years and represented the liberal party| | Anti communist alliance formed between Australia, New Zealand and the United States in 1951. | | Refers to Australia’s fear of Communism. Australians were scared because many of the countries in South East Asia were becoming Communist and that meant that we could fa ce problems in the future. Some people were even worried that Australia could become a Communist country, with some Australians joining communist parties. | A political issue involving Communist Russian spies in Australia. In 1954, Vladimir Petrov, a Russian diplomat gave himself up as a spy and asked if he could live in Australia if he promised to give up the names of other Russian Spies living here. His wife, Evdokia, was not given the same treatment and was forced to return to Russia with Russian police (KGB). | | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which was a group of Communist countries led by Russia. | | A system of government in which there is free and equal participation by the people in the political decision making process. | The collective name given for the former French colonies of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. It is located on a peninsular between India and China. | | Economic system in which businesses are privately owned and operated for profit. | | South-East Asia Tr eaty Organisation, the anti communist treaty linking the US, Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines and Thailand from 1954. It was dissolved in 1974. | | Economic system in which, in theory, wealth is shared equally and the means of production, distribution, and exchange are commonly shared. | Conflict between the communist led East, led by the Soviet Union, and the non-communist West led by the USA, after 1945. | | Australian Prime Minister who withdrew Australian troops from the Vietnam War. He was in office from 1972-1975 and represented the Australian Labor Party. | | Person who refuses to fight on moral or ethical grounds. | | The forcible enlistment of men into the armed forces| | Anti Vietnam War protest in which the people stopped work to voice their disapproval against the war. | | A chemical that causes leaves to fall off trees. It was used by the USA in bombing campaigns in the Vietnam War. | Protection granted to an individual who defects from one country to another. | | Information spread to persuade the audience to believe a particular point of view of action. | | Enlisted people who had served in Vietnam but returned with anti-war views. | | The belief of non-communist nations that if South Vietnam fell to Communism so to would vulnerable nations in south east Asia. | | Small scale hit and run warfare by mobile groups who ambush their enemy using limited technology. This was used extremely effectively by the Viet Cong in the Vietnam War. | South Vietnamese communist sympathisers fighting the USA, its allies and the South Vietnamese Army in the Vietnam War. | | An American policy of gradually withdrawing troops from the Vietnam War. | | Leader of the Viet Minh. He died in 1969, six years before the fall of Saigon (now known as Ho Chi Minh City. | | Communist led national liberation movement. Based in North Vietnam, it was formed in 1941 to fight for Vietnam’s independence. | | Competition between nations in the building up of military resources. | | President of USA during the Vietnam War. He visited Australia in 1966 and the phrase â€Å"All the way with LBJ† was coined. |

Friday essays

Friday essays The movie Friday is a comedy, but it also depicts many important social issues. The story is set in the city of Los Angeles, California, in what could be called a high-class ghetto. This movie is about a young black man who loses his job and is influenced by his best friend to smoke marijuana. The movie also shows the relationships of his family and other members of his neighborhood. With a zany cast of characters and a hilarious script, this movie touches on everything from gang violence to the use of drugs, crime, guns, relationships, sex, and life in the ghetto. In the movie Friday, rap star Ice Cube plays the character Craig. Craig has never smoked marijuana. However, his best friend "Smokey" smokes marijuana everyday. Craig loses his job, leaving him home all day with nothing to do to occupy his time. He just hangs out in the neighborhood with his friends. Smokey tries to convince Craig to try some marijuana. At first Craig doesn't want to. Smokey is persistent. He points out to Craig that he doesn't have to work and doesn't have anything better to do. Craig finally agrees, so him and Smokey eventually sit on the front porch and smoke some marijuana. Peer pressure is obviously the only reason Craig gives in. Actually he had other options, but he chose not to use them. Common sense and a simple explanation would have worked for Craig just fine (How to Say No and Keep Your Friends 23). Everyday we are faced with choices. It is up to us to decide what's right and wrong. Craig decides to try it and things start to happen that he really doesn't like. Craig and Smokey get into some trouble with the neighborhood dealer, Big Worm. Smokey sells marijuana for him, but can't pay him the money he owes because he and Craig smoked all the marijuana. Big Worm threatens them and sends a gang of "hoods" after them with machine guns. They just barely escape and are scared out o...

How to Apply for College in the US as an International Student

How to Apply for College in the US as an International Student SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips According to the Institute of International Education, almost 975,000 international students studied at colleges in the United States last year. If you’re hoping to be one of those students, then this guide is for you. To help you through the college application process, this guide will go over all the steps you need to take, from translating your transcript to taking the TOEFL. Before jumping into the process of international student admissions, let’s review how your application process is the same as a U.S. student's and how it’s different. Applying to College: International vs. Domestic Students As an international student, you'll largely take the same steps to apply to U.S. colleges as students from the U.S.You'll just need to add a few extra steps to account for differences in languages, school curriculum, andgrading systems. Below, you'll find an overview of the main similarities and differences between applying for college as an international student in the U.S. and applying as a domestic student. How Applying Is the Same Many of the steps you’ll take to apply to college in the U.S. are the same ones that domestic students take. You should apply to several schools to increase your chances of getting accepted. Eight to nine is a good number, but some students apply to even more. You’ll apply by an early deadline, usually in November of senior year, or a regular deadline, usually in January or February of senior. Some schools have even later deadlines that fall in the spring or summer. You might use the Common Application or Universal Application, both of which can just be filled out once and sent to several schools. If any of your prospective colleges don’t accept those applications, then you’ll fill out a separate one. Your application will contain your personal information, like your name and date of birth, as well as any extracurricular activities, jobs, or internships. You’ll also send a personal essay, one or more letters of recommendation, a transcript with your high school grades, and, for most colleges, SAT or ACT scores. A few colleges also ask you to answer supplemental essay questions, which call for shorter responses than your mainpersonal essay. The bulk of the application process is the same for international and domestic students, but international college students do have to take some additional steps. Read on to find out what these steps are. How Applying Is Different There are a few extra steps if you’re applying as an international student. First, you might have to take the TOEFL if you’re from a country where the official language is something other than English. The TOEFL (or its alternative, the IELTS) is a test that demonstrates your English language proficiency. Second, you may need to get your transcript and any other academic credentials evaluated by an approved organization. This evaluation puts your courses and grades into U.S. terms so that admissions officers can understand them. If financial aid is important to you, then you’ll have to figure out whether you can obtain aid directly from colleges. Federal financial aid is only available to U.S. citizens. You might also apply foroutside scholarships. Finally, you’ll need to sort out the legal requirements of living in the U.S. by applying for a student visa. Usually, you apply for your student visa after gaining admission to a college and accepting a place in the next class. Now that you have a sense of the unique requirements for international student admission, let’s dive into the application process, step by step. Read on to learn how each piece of the international student application fits together! How to Apply to College as an International Student Many colleges are seeking to make their campuses more globalizedand welcome international applicants. At the same time, there aren’t as many spots available for international students in the USA as there are for domestic applicants, so you shouldmake sure you understand the college process and can send off the strongest application possible. Colleges vary in their individual policies and requirements, but for the most part, they all ask for the same materials. Most collegesask forthe following: Application High school transcript SAT or ACT scores TOEFL scores Personal essay (and any supplemental essays) Letters of recommendation Many of these components take months or even years to prepare, so college planning should start early in high school. Let’s talk about each of these application components in detail, along with tips for preparing each. The Application You can think of your application - the actual forms that contain your personal information - as the umbrella that covers all the other documents you’ll send. Each school has its own application, but many accept the Common Application and/or the Universal Application. These are both free services that allow you to fill out just one application and send it to several schools. Colleges that don’t accept these applications, such asstate schools in California and Texas, have their own application systems. Regardless of whether you use the Common Application or a school-specific application, you’ll find that both look pretty similar. Applications will ask for your personal information, like your name, address, schools attended, and any extracurricular activities. If your school requires an essay, then you’ll usually paste your essay into your application. You may also invite recommenders via email to upload their reference letters. While creating an account and filling out your application is free, submitting it requires a fee. Some schools have no application fee while others cost as much as $80 or $90. The average application fee is around $35 to $40. If the fees are burdensome, you may be able to obtain a college application fee waiver from the colleges that you’re interested in. Below you’ll find a few more tips to help you prepare your college applications. Tips for Your College Application Preparing to apply to college is a process that can start at the beginning of high school. Colleges will look at all four years of your classes, grades, and extracurricular involvements, so it helps to consider your college goals as you make choices throughout 9th, 10th, th, and 12th grade. Most students apply to several colleges; typically, eight or nine is a good number. That way they can maximize their chances of getting accepted. Students usually apply to two to three safety schools, or ones where their credentials are well above that of the average accepted student. They also apply to schools to which getting accepted is more challenging - usually two to three match schools and two to three reach schools. The application forms themselves are not all that time-intensive. You should give yourself at least a month before your deadlines to fill them out and proofread for any errors. As an international student, you might be in a good positionto emphasize any language skills or unique multicultural experiences that you have. The aspects of your application that require months, if not years, of planning, are your SAT/ACT scores, TOEFL scores, essay, and letters of recommendation, as you’ll learn more about below. First, let’s consider another piece of your college application, your high school transcript. Depending on college policy, you might need to translate your transcript. High School Transcript To determine admission, colleges look closely at high school grades. To show schools this important information, you’ll send an official transcript. Usually, your school must send your transcript in a sealed envelope. For some schools, you can send your transcript directly. Others will ask you to get it translated and certified by an official credential service. If your school uses a different grading system than the 4.0 scale used in the U.S., then you may have to send off your transcript for evaluation. This transcript service may cost around $100. The company should be a member of NACES, the National Association of Credential Evaluation Services, like World Education Services, Inc. Some colleges will allow you to use unofficial translators. Tufts, for example, says â€Å"Acceptable translators include English teachers or other school officials, professional translators, or a local EducationUSA office. Students do not need to utilize credential evaluation companies of any sort.† Read on a few tips for sending your high school transcript to U.S. colleges. Tips for Your High School Transcript Colleges look at your grades throughout high school, as well as your course selection. They consideryour commitment to your academics, your progress in particular subjects, and the extent to which you challenged yourselfwithhigher level courses. Each college sets its own admissions policies, so make sure to research each school on your list about what it wants you to do with your transcript. You should be able to find this on the international admissions page on its website. If you can’t find this information online, you should email or call the admissions office directly. If you need to use an evaluation service, then you'll have toplan especially early. These services typically take about seven business days after receiving your documents. You might start the process about a month before your deadlines to make sure everything arrives in time. In addition to your grades, your SAT or ACT scores are another important part of your college application. Below we'll take a closer look at thestandardized testing partof your college applications. Schools may be very different from one another,so standardized tests, like the SAT and ACT, are usedto bridge the gap. SAT or ACT Scores For most four-year U.S. colleges, your SAT or ACT scores are an important part of your candidacy. Colleges consider both tests equally, so it’s up to you to decide which one you’d rather take. Some colleges additionally require SAT Subject Tests, though they usually waive this requirement if you send ACT scores. While you can self-report your scores on your application, you’ll need to send official score reports via your College Board (for the SAT) or ACT, Inc (for the ACT) accounts. If you send multiple score reports, many colleges will â€Å"superscore† your results, or take your highest scores by section and recombine them into the highest possible composite score. The SAT and ACT require lots of prep and planning, and we have tons of resources to help you achieve your target scores. For now, let’s go over a few of the most important tips for planning for these important tests. Tips for the SAT and ACT The SAT and ACT are challenging tests, and both require a lot of prep to do well. To start your planning, you first need to decide which test to take. Familiarize yourself with their similarities and differences, and choose the one on which you can gain the higher score. Then, you canset a goal for yourself. Determine your target scores based on personal goals and your colleges’ expectations. Most colleges publicize the average SAT or ACT scores of accepted students, and you can also find this information on PrepScholar’s database of schools by searching for "name of college + PrepScholar."Once you know the average, you can aim for an even stronger score to be a competitive candidate. You might start your prep with a timed practice test to gauge your current scoring level and diagnose your strengths and weaknesses. Depending on how much you seek to improve, you can figure out how long you need to study. A score improvement of only 30 points on the SAT may just call for about 20 hours of studying, for example, while a score improvement of a few hundred points could require over 150 hours. Lots of students take the SAT or ACTmore than once to achieve their target scores. As mentioned above, many colleges superscore your results,so you don’t have to worry about increasing your score in one section but decreasing in another. If retaking the SAT or ACT is in your plans, then you’ll need to leave yourself enough opportunities to retest. You might take the SAT or ACT for the first time in your sophomore year. That way, you can take it again as a junior, and even in the fall of senior year if you seek improvement. Your SAT and ACT scores show that you have the academic skills to succeed at the college level. If you’re a non-native English speaker, then you may also have to take the TOEFL to demonstrate that you have college-ready English language skills. Hope you're feeling chatty! The TOEFL will get you speaking in English. TOEFL Scores If your native language is something other than English, then you may have to take the TOEFL (or its counterpart, the IELTS) to demonstrate your English language proficiency. Unlike the SAT or ACT, the TOEFL is computer-based in most countries. Its scoring scale ranges from 0 to 120, and it tests your Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing skills. Many schools require a minimum TOEFL score. If you don’t have the requisite TOEFL scores, then the rest of your application doesn’t matter! The TOEFL is definitely a test to be taken seriously if you want to study at a U.S. college. Like the SAT or ACT, you could take the TOEFL more than once to achieve your target scores. Here are just a few examples of colleges with a TOEFL requirement. The TOEFL iBT is the internet-based test; the less common TOEFL PBT is the paper-based test, and its scoring scale ranges from 310 to 677. College TOEFL iBT TOEFL PBT American University 100 600 Boston University 95 550-600 Harvard 100 600 Northeastern 79-80 550 Penn State 90 550 UCLA 87 560 A few schools will waive the TOEFL requirement if you achieve a minimum score on the verbal sections of the SAT or ACT. Because these sections require strong English skills, they can sometimes act as a stand-in for the TOEFL. As with every other part of your application, you’ll need to research each college of interest to learn about its stance and plan accordingly. Below you’ll find a few more tips for planning for the TOEFL. Tips for the TOEFL As an international student, you may have the double challenge of prepping for the both the SAT or ACT and the TOEFL. You’ll have to set aside time to study for both tests and arrange a testing schedule that works for you. Like the SAT or ACT, you may want to start studying at least three months before your first test date. Set aside several hours each week to review with high-quality practice materials and take practice tests. The earlier you start, the more available test dates you’ll have to retake the TOEFL if need be. If you have strong language skills early in high school, then you might consider taking the TOEFL in 9th or 10th grade. Then you can devote even more timeto other tests and application components. If you wait until later in your high school career, then you should take the time to devise a study plan that balances your time between both the TOEFL and the SAT (or ACT). In addition to your grades and test scores, admissions officers are also interested in learning more about you as a person. One way that they accomplishthis is by reading your personal essay. Your college essay can be about whatever you want! This one about the megastore, Costco, got its writer into five Ivy League schools. College Essays Many 4-year colleges claim to use a holistic admissions process, in which they consider not just your grades and test scores, but also your personal qualities and motivations. One way that they get to know you as a person is through your personal essay. In your personal essay, you’ll typically be asked to reflect on a meaningful experience in your life and how it shaped your identity. What you choose to write about should reveal something significant about your values, and your essay as a whole will show your writing style and thought process. If you use the Common Application to apply to colleges, then you’ll choose one of five prompts for your essay. Here are just three examples of Common Application essay prompts: The lessons we take from failure can be fundamental to later success. Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act? Would you make the same decision again? Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community, or family. As you can see, the essay prompts ask you to share something personal and meaningful. Schools that don’t use the Common Application will likely have their own essay prompt. They might look similar to the ones above or simply ask why you want to attend the college and to describe some of your future goals. Some colleges, especially the more selective ones, will ask additional supplemental essay questions. These are shorter in length, perhaps a few paragraphs or less, and vary by school. They might ask why you want to attend the school or to talk about a favorite book or artist. Some are abstract, like Tufts’ question, â€Å"What makes you happy?† Others are kind of random, like the University of Virginia’s recent prompt, â€Å"To tweet or not to tweet?† Whatever the supplemental questions, they vary by college and should not be overlooked. Below you’ll find a few tips for writing your college essays. Tips for Your College Essays The college essay is a unique piece of writing. It requires you to be introspective and to share something that’s meaningful to you on a personal level. The best essays tend to zero in on a particular experience that reveals something significant about the writer’s identity. The personal essay’s a challenging assignment, so you should give yourself several months to work on it. You might take several weeks to brainstorm the right topic. Once you come up with a draft, you might share with teachers, friends, and families for feedback. Ultimately, though, the essay should be in your voice and stay true to who you are. As an international student, you may be able to bring unique multicultural experiences or language skills to campus. Your essay’s a great opportunity to share your perspective and show admissions officers why it should be represented on campus. Supplemental essays, while not as lengthy as the personal essay, are also an important part of your application. Probably the most common mistake that students make with supplemental essays is rushing through them and producing generic answers. Your supplemental essays should be specific and customized to each school.They’re typically an opportunity for you to show what you know about the college and your particular reasons for wanting to attend. While admissions officers learn about you from your personal essays, they also get to know you through your recommendation letters. Rather than hearing your voice, they hear what your teachers and/or counselor have to say about you. Ask a teacher who's happy to paint a flattering picture of you in her letter of recommendation. Letters of Recommendation The final important piece of your college applications isyour letters of recommendation. Requirements for reference letters vary; some colleges don’t ask for any, while others ask for one, two, or even three. Usually, colleges want to see one or two recommendations from teachers and one from your school counselor. If you don’t have a counselor, then you might get one from a principal or other administrator. You’ll choose your recommenders and ask them if they’d be willing to provide you with a recommendation. Then you’ll invite them to submit their letters through your online application. Your recommendation letters should speak to both your academic and personal qualities. Like your essays and the rest of your application, they should give admissions officers insight into your strengths and skills as a student, as well as your personality and character. In addition to our in-depth guides on recommendation letters for college, you’ll find a few tips below. Tips for Your Letters of Recommendation Just as you should give yourself plenty of time to write your college essay, you should give your recommenders sufficienttime to write your letters. You should ask your recommenders at least one month before your deadlines. You might also ask at the end of junior year. It’s best to ask teachers who had you recently and for a whole year; junior year teachers tend to be a good bet. If your teachers write in another language, then you’ll have to get your letters translated. The best letters come from educators who know you well, so you should ask teachers with whom you have a strong connection. You might also share your own thoughts and ideas via conversation and a â€Å"brag sheet,† a document you can prepare to help your teachers. You couldtalk aboutyour favorite classes, significant experiences, and academic and personal goals for college. For many colleges, your recommendation letters are a very important part of your college application. Admissions officers are sifting through many strong applicants and trying to gain a clearer idea of who you are as a person. Your recommendation letters are a great opportunity to showcase your positive relationships with your teachers and successes in school. Now that we’ve gone over the main parts of your college application - the application itself, transcript, standardized testing scores, essays, and letters of recommendation - let’s consider some final tips for applying to college as an international student. Keep these final tips in mind as you make plans togrow academically and personally at a U.S. college. Applying to College as an International Student: 3 Final Tips Applying to college is a complex process, and it becomes even more complicated for international college students due to additional steps, like taking the TOEFL and having your materials translated and certified. By familiarizing yourself with the entire process, you can make sure that you have enough time to prepare all your materials by the deadline. With this knowledge, you can produce a competitive application that will secure you a spot at a U.S. college. As you work your way through the steps, remember these three key tips. 1. Don’t Underestimate the SAT/ACT or TOEFL Doing well on standardized tests is important for all college applicants, and it becomes even more significant for international students in the USA. The TOEFL shows admissions officers that you have the reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills to succeed in college-level classes. The SAT and ACT, furthermore, show your academic skills and college readiness. These tests are meant to measure students on a level playing field, regardless of differences in individual high schools and curriculum (though of course, how well they do this is a matter of debate). Admissions officers may be unfamiliar with your school abroad, so they especially rely on these test scores to make sure you have college-ready skills. As discussed above, you should set aside several months to prep for each test and leave yourself additional test dates if you want to retest and achieve your target scores. If your sights are set on a U.S. college, then make sure you have the SAT or ACT and TOEFL scores to compete with other applicants. 2. Remember that Many Colleges Use a Holistic Process While test scores are important, remember that they’re not the only part of your application. Many colleges use a holistic process to admit students, in which they consider your personal qualities and impact in your school community. Admissions officers want to learn about your interests and pursuits in and out of school. They’re interested in your extracurricular involvements and any leadership positions. They want to see if you’ve done community service, volunteered, or worked a part-time or summer job. They also gain a sense of your role in your school community through your letters of recommendation. Admissions officers tend to be more impressed by deep involvement in a few areas than scattered participation in many areas. You might keep this in mind as you move through high school and choose your activities, as well as when you describe your involvements on your application. Ultimately, applying to college requires a lot of self-reflection about your identity and goals for the future. Think about what’s important to you and what you hope to achieve. Then, reflect this self-awareness through your essays and application as a whole. 3. Plan Early! Finally, the importance of planning early cannot be emphasized enough! There are a lot of moving parts that go into a college application, and none of them can be completed in a short time frame. Admissions officers are interested in all four years of high school, so planning early willhelp you make informed choices about your courses and involvements. For instance, you should try to challenge yourself in one or more upper-level classes and stick with an activity or two throughout your time in high school. Follow your interests and you may have a sense of what subject you’d like to choose as your major once you arrive at college. In the end, you college application will tell a story to admissions officers about your high school experience and identity. By planning early, you can make the most of these years with a goal-oriented, proactive mindset. All of your hard work will pay off when you send off a great college application that gets you accepted into your dream school! What’s Next? Are you figuring out where to apply to college? This guide will help you research colleges and find the best ones for you. Will you be taking the TOEFL and the SAT? Check out this comprehensive guide to learn about the TOEFL and SAT and how to prepare for both. Are you getting ready for the SAT? To help you prepare, we’ve compiled our best articles in the Ultimate Study Guide for the SAT. 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